secondary standard

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Preparation and Standardization of Various Molar and Normal Solutions

Description Preparation and standardization of solutions is a fundamental skill in chemistry and pharmaceutical analysis. This guide explains step-by-step how to prepare and standardize various molar and normal solutions, including commonly used reagents like oxalic acid, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, sodium thiosulphate, sulphuric acid, potassium permanganate, and ceric ammonium sulphate. It covers the importance of […]

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Primary and Secondary Standards in Pharmaceutical Analysis

When we talk about standards, we usually mean a pure substance that is used to prepare solutions of exactly known strength. In simple words, a standard is a “reference chemical” in laboratory work. Standards are mainly of two types: Now, let us understand both in detail. What is a Primary Standard? A primary standard is a highly pure

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